Anvayaअन्वय
← Bhagavad Gītā · chapter 8

BG 8.21

Bhagavad Gītā · Akarṣara Brahma YogaAnuṣṭubh (śloka)

अव्यक्तोऽक्षर इत्युक्तस्तमाहुः परमां गतिम् | यं प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते तद्धाम परमं मम ||८-२१||

avyakto.akṣara ityuktastamāhuḥ paramāṃ gatim . yaṃ prāpya na nivartante taddhāma paramaṃ mama ||8-21||

Linguistic facts

Meter · chandasVidyut

Anuṣṭubh (śloka) · 16+16 syllables

scansion (laghu/guru)
aGvyaGktoGkṣaLraLiGtyuGktaGstaLGhuḥGpaLraLmāṃGgaLtimL
yaṃGprāGpyaLnaLniLvaGrtaGnteGtaGddhāGmaLpaLraLmaṃGmaLmaL
Sandhi · pada-pāṭhaVidyut
अव्यक्तस्अक्षरस्इतीउक्तस्तमआहुस्परमाम्गतिम्यम्प्रअप्यनिवर्तन्तेतन्हामपरमम्मम
Word-by-word morphologyVidyut
17 words analyzed
  • अव्यक्तस्avyaktasअव्यक्तnominal · nominative singular masculine
  • अक्षरस्akṣarasक्षर्verb · imperfect second singular active (√kṣar)
  • इतीitīइतिnominal · nominative dual feminine
  • उक्तस्uktasवच्nominal · nominative singular masculine
  • तमtamaतम्nominal · vocative singular masculine
  • आहुस्āhusब्रूverb · present third plural active (√brū)
  • परमाम्paramāmपरमnominal · accusative singular feminine
  • गतिम्gatimगम्nominal · accusative singular masculine
  • यम्yamnominal · accusative singular masculine
  • प्रpraप्रnominal · vocative singular neuter
  • अप्यapyaअप्यnominal · vocative singular neuter
  • nanominal · vocative singular neuter
  • निवर्तन्तेnivartanteनिवृत्verb · present third plural active (√nivṛt)
  • तन्tanतन्nominal · vocative singular masculine
  • हामhāmaहाnominal · nominative singular neuter
  • परमम्paramamपरमnominal · accusative singular masculine
  • ममmamaमाverb · perfect second plural active (√mā)
Recitationtool-derived · pending

Facts come from Vidyut (deterministic), never the model. Automated segmentation isn’t hand-verified — gaps are shown, not guessed.

Translations

Swami SivanandaRelay

8.21 What is called the Unmanifested and the Imperishable, That they say is the highest goal. They who reach It do not return (to this Samsara). That is My highest abode (place or state).

source ↗
8 more attributed translations
A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami PrabhupadaRelay

That which the Vedāntists describe as unmanifest and infallible, that which is known as the supreme destination, that place from which, having attained it, one never returns – that is My supreme abode.

Dr.S.SankaranarayanRelay

8.21. [The scriptures] speak of This as Unmanifest and Changeless and declare This is to be the highest Goal. Having attained which people do not return, this is My highest abode.

Shri Purohit SwamiRelay

8.21 The wise say that the Unmanifest and Indestructible is the highest goal of all; when once That is reached, there is no return. That is My Blessed Home.

Sri Abhinav GuptaRelay

8.21 See Comment under 8.22

Sri RamanujaRelay

8.20 - 8.21 Superior, as an object of human end, to this unmanifest (Avyakta), which is inanimate Prakrti, there is another state of being, of a kind different from this, but also called Avyakta. It has only knowledge-form and is also unmanifest. It is the self, Atman. It is unmanifest because It cannot be apprehended by any means of knowledge (Pramanas). The meaning is that Its nature is unie and that It can be known only to Itself. That is, It can be understood only vaguely in the ordinary ways of knowing. It is eternal, namely, ever-enduring, because It is not subject to origination and annihilation. In texts like 'For those who meditate on the imperishable, undefinable, the unmanifest' (12.3) and 'The imperishable is called the unchanging' (15.16) - that being the self. It has been called the unmanifest (Avyakta) and imperishable (Aksara); when all material elements like ether, etc., with their causes and effects are annihilated, the self is not annihilated in spite of It being found alone with all the elements. [The elements are what constitute the bodies of beings.] The knowers of the Vedas declare It as the highest end. The meaning is that the imperishable entity which has been denoted by the term 'highest goal' in the passage, 'Whosoever abandons the body and departs (in the manner described) reaches the highest state (Dhama)' (8.13), is the self (Atman) abiding in Its essential nature free from the contact with the Prakrti. This self, which abides thus in Its essential nature, by attaining which It does not return, - this is My 'highest abode,' i.e., is the highest object of My control. The inanimate Prakrti is one object of My control. The animate Prakrti associated with this inanimate Prakrti is the second object of My control. The pristine nature of the freed self, free from contact with inanimate matter, is the highest object of My rule. Such is the meaning. This state is also one of non-return to Samsara. Or the term 'dhama' may signify 'luminosity'. And luminosity connotes knowledge. The essential nature of the freed self is boundless knowledge, or supreme light, which stands in contrast to the shrunken knowledge of the self, when involved in Prakrti. [The description given above is that of Kaivalya, the state of self-luminous existence as the pure self]. Sri Krsna now teaches that the object of attainment for the Jnanin, is totally different from this:

Sri ShankaracharyaRelay

8.21 He Himself who has been uktah, meantioned; as avyaktah, Unmanifest; the aksarah, Immutable; ahuh, they call; tam, Him-that very unmanifest Reality which is termed as the Immutable; the paramam, supreme; gatim, Goal. Tat, That; is the paramam, supreme; dhama, abode, i.e. the supreme State; mama, of Mine, of Visnu; yam prapya, reaching which Reality; na nivartante, they do not return to the worldly state. The means for gaining That is being stated:

Swami AdidevanandaRelay

8.21 He who has been mentioned as the Unmanifested, the Immutable, they call Him the supreme Goal. That is the supreme abode of Mine, reaching which they do not return. 8.21 What is called the Unmanifested and the Imperishable, That they say is the highest goal. They who reach It do not return (to this Samsara). That is My highest abode (place or state). 8.21 He Himself who has been uktah, meantioned; as avyaktah, Unmanifest; the aksarah, Immutable; ahuh, they call; tam, Him-that very unmanifest Reality which is termed as the Immutable; the paramam, supreme; gatim, Goal. Tat, That; is the paramam, supreme; dhama, abode, i.e. the supreme State; mama, of Mine, of Visnu; yam prapya, reaching which Reality; na nivartante, they do not return to the worldly state. The means for gaining That is being stated:

Swami GambiranandaRelay

8.21 He who has been mentioned as the Unmanifested, the Immutable, they call Him the supreme Goal. That is the supreme abode of Mine, reaching which they do not return.

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